Historical Characters of Spanish Empire

Character/Date	Short Biography
Roman Hispania
Hamilcar d. 229 BC	Carthage's most able general in first Punic War; father of Hannibal.
Hannibal 247–182 BC	Carthaginian general, invaded and laid waste to Italy for sixteen years.
Scipio Africanus 234–149 BC	Roman hero of second Punic War. Led armies in Spain and Africa. Defeated Hannibal at Zama.
Scipio the Younger 185–129 BC	Led the siege of Carthage during the third Punic War.
Cato (the censor) 234–149 BC	Roman censor, urged destruction of Carthage before third Punic War.
Carus d. 179 BC	Celt-Iberian chief of the Belli tribe during conquest of Hispania. Defeated Romans at battle of Caravis.
Viriathus 180–139 BC	Lusitanian chief who resisted Rome during conquest of Hispania. Won many battles and incited rebellions.
Sertorius 122–72 BC	Led rebellion against Rome in Spain; held out for 8 years.
Trajan 53–117	Second of "Five Good Emperors." Ruled with justice and integrity. Conquered Dacia.
Hadrian 76–138	Third of "Five Good Emperors." Talented artist and architect, good administrator.
Seneca 3–65	Tutor and minister to Nero. Forced to commit suicide after falling from grace.
Visigoth Spain
Ulfilas 310–383	Missionary bishop who translate the bible into the Gothic language and converted the Goths to Arian Christianity.
Ataulfus d. 410	Leader of Visigoths after death of Alaric. Led his people out of Italy and established Visigoth kingdom in Spain .
Theodoric I d. 451	Son of Alaric, who led the Visigoth army against Attila the Hun at the Battle of Chalons.
Recared d. 601	First Catholic King of the Visigoth Kingdom.
Good King Wamba d. 687	Legendary king of the Visigoths, whose reign was peaceful and prosperous.
Isidore of Seville 560–636	Catholic Bishop who converted Visigoths, presided at Council of Toledo.
Early Moors of Spain
Tariq ibn Ziyad d. 720	Berber general who defeated the Visigoths at the Battle of Gaudalete.
Musa bin Nusair 640–716	Umayyad governor of North Africa who organized and directed the Moslem invasion of the Iberian peninsula.
Exilona ~ 711	Christian wife of Visigoth king Roderick who later married son of Moorish governor
Abdul Aziz d. 716	Son of Umayyad governor Musa. Ruled in Andalusia until murdered for marrying Exilona.
Abderrahman I 731–788	Last surviving Umayyad prince, escaped to Spain, became Emir of Cordova
Christian Resistance
Roderic d. 711	Last king of Visigoth Spain. Died at the Battle of Guadalete.
Pelistes ~ 711	Gothic Knight who defended Cordova after the fall of the Visigoths at Guadalete.
Theodomir ~ 711	Visigoth general who used a ruse in order to make peace with the Moorish conquerors.
Charles Martel 686–741	Frankish King who defeated the Moors at the Battle of Tours.
Pelayo 690–737	Visigoth hero who survived Moorish conquest in 711 and founded the Christian kingdom of Asturias.

Fernan Gonsalez Ramio II

Character/Date	Short Biography
Early Christian Heroes
Bernardo del Carpio ~ 800	Legendary Spanish hero during the era of Charlemagne who battled both Moors and Franks.
Charlemagne 742–814	First Holy Roman Emperor. Unified most of Western Europe into a Frankish Empire.
Roland d. 778	Nephew of Charlemagne and legendary hero of his wars. Died at Roncesvalles.
Theodomir ~ 711	Visigoth general who used a ruse in order to make peace with the Moorish conquerors.
Cordoba Caliphate
Abderrahman I 731–788	Last surviving Umayyad prince, escaped to Spain, became Emir of Cordova
Abderrahman III 912–961	Powerful, long serving Emir who declared himself Caliph of Cordova.
Almanzor 938–1002	Renowned Moorish general. Leader of Moorish Spain at the height of its power near 1000 A.D.
Almoravids and Almohads
Yussef d. 1184	Almohad Caliph of Africa who invaded Moorish spain and set up a kingdom in Seville.
Growth of Christian Kingdoms
Alfonso VI 1040–1109	King of Castile who with his great warrior El Cid, reconquered Toledo and much other territory from the Moors.
El Cid 1040–1099	Legendary Spanish hero of chivalry. Loyal to Alfonso VI in spite of treachery. Conquered Valencia.
Afonso Henriques 1109–1185	Founder of the Kingdom of Portugal. Defeated the Moors and declared Portugal independent from Leon.
Alfonso VIII 1155–1214	Led the victorious Christians against the Saracens at the decisive Battle of Navas de Tolosa.
St. Dominic 1170–1221	Founded Dominican Order of scholars, theologians, and teachers.
James I of Aragon 1208–1276	Long reigning warrior king who expanded the dominions of Aragon to include the Balaeric Islands and Valencia.
St. Ferdinand III 1199–1252	King of Castile who conquered Seville and Cordoba, and brought Dominican and Franciscan orders to southern Spain.
Raymond of Penyafort 1175–1275	Spanish Dominican who served as confessor to James I of Aragon and compiled first official set of Canon Laws for the Church.
United Spain
Henry Trastamara 1334–1379	Illegitimate son of Alfonso XI who usurped the throne of Castile from his half-brother, Peter the Cruel after many conflicts.
Pedro of Castile 1334–1369	King of Castile with reputation as dishonorable, murderous tyrant. Eventually deposed by half-brother Henry Trastamara.
Joseph Pichon 1330–1371	Tax-collector of Seville and counsellor of Henry Trastamara, highly esteemed Christians. His Excecution by jealous Jews greatly worsened Jewish-Christian relations and led to Massacre of 1391.
Paul of Burgos 1351–1435	Leading Spanish Rabbi of Castile who converted to Christianity and became an archbishop and Chancellor. Original name was Solomon ha-Levi.
Vincent Ferrer 1350–1419	Dominican Preacher from Valencian who gained acclaim as a missionary and was especially noted for encouraging Jewish conversions.

Character/Date	Short Biography
United Spain
Henry IV of Castile 1425–1474	Infirm and degenerate king of Castile, older brother of Isabella I. Named Isabella his successor.
Isabel of Castile 1451–1504	Pious and stalwart queen of Spain, unified diverse kingdoms, reformed finances, conquered Granada, financed Columbus.
Ferdinand of Aragon 1452–1516	King of Aragon who ruled united Spain with Queen Isabel. Drove the Moors out of Granada.
Hernan Perez del Pulgar 1451–1531	Spanish knight under Isabella and Ferdinand who gained famed during the Reconquista for daring exploits.
Gonsalvo de Cordova 1453–1515	Spanish general who fought in Granada and Italy; pioneered modern tactics of warfare.
Cardinal Ximenes 1436–1517	Influential cardinal-minister at the court of Isabel and Ferdinand. Did much to reform both Church and government of Spain.
Juana of Castile 1479–1555	Daughter of Isabel, mother of Charles V, and heir to the throne of Castile. Deposed by Ferdinand due to insanity.
Granada
Mohammed Alhamar 1191–1273	Founder of the Nasrid dynasty in Granada. Agreed to make Granada a vassal state of Castile.
Muley Abdul Hussan 1440–1490	Last Sultan of Granada. Fierce opponent of Christians, but lost control of Granada.
Boabdil 1460–1527	Briefly replaced his father on the throne of Granada before surrending to Ferdinand.
Aben Humeya 1520–1568	Moorish prince who escaped from Granada, led the Morisco Revolt, and continued to fight until his death.
Early Spanish Explorers
Christopher Columbus 1451–1506	Genoan sailor, sponsored by Isabela of Spain, who crossed the Atlantic Ocean and discovered the Americas.
Martin Alonzo Pinzon 1441–1493	Spanish navigator who sailed with Columbus on first voyage, but later feuded with him.
Alonso de Ojeda 1465–1515	Spanish conquistador who made several daring expeditions to the new world. Associate of Vespucci and Pizarro.
Vasco Nunez Balboa 1475–1519	Helped establish a Spanish colony in Panama and discovered the Pacific Ocean.
Pedrarias Davila 1440–1531	First Governor of the Spanish colony of Darien in Peru. Murderous and unscrupulous rival of Balboa.
Spanish Jews and Conversos
Torquemada 1420–1498	Dominican priest who was a confessor of Isabella I, and was influential in establishing the Spanish Inquisition.
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Teresa of Avila 1515–1582	Mystic Nun who reformed the Carmelite order, and wrote books on prayer. Doctor of the Church.
Ignatius of Loyola 1491–1556	Founder of the Jesuits order, dedicated to the Pope. Important counter-reformation figure.
Abraham Seneor 1412–1493	Spanish rabbi, financier, and trusted counsellor of Isabella of Castile. Converted to Christianiy in 1492 when Jews were expelled from Spain.
Isaac Abravanel 1437–1508	Jewish minister, tax-farmer, and counsellor who assisted Ferdinand in financing the conquest of Granada. Refused to convert when Jews were expelled from Spain n 1492.
Luis de Santangel 1430–1498	Finance minister of Isabel and Ferdinand of converso origins. Largely financed the voyage of Columbus from his own funds.

Character/Date	Short Biography
Political and Military leaders
Juana of Castile 1479–1555	Daughter of Isabel, mother of Charles V, and heir to the throne of Castile. Deposed by Ferdinand due to insanity.
Charles V 1500–1558	16th century Hapsburg Emperor who ruled Austria, the Netherlands, Spain and parts of Italy.
Don Carlos 1545–1568	Eldest son of Philip II. Mentally unbalanced prince of Spain who was imprisoned and possibly murdered.
Duke of Alva 1567–1573	Tyrannical Governor of the Spanish Netherlands who opposed Protestants during the Dutch Revolt.
Don John of Austria 1545–1578	Illegitimate son of Charles V. Hero of the naval Battle of Lepanto. Briefly governed Spanish Netherlands.
Philip the Handsome 1478–1506	Heir to the Burgundian and Hapsburg estates, and married to Juana of Spain. Their son was Charles V, Holy Roman Emperor.
Philip II 1527–1598	Catholic king of Spain during Netherland revolt and Anglo-Spanish Wars. Great enemy of Protestant Reformers.
Valetta 1494–1568	Grand Master of the Knights Hospitallers who defended Malta from the siege in 1565.
Charles II 1661–1700	Invalid King of Spain. Last of the Spanish Hapsburgs. His death precipitated the War of the Spanish Succession.
Religious
John of the Cross 1542–1591	Carmelite priest, poet and author associated with St. Teresa of Avila.
Teresa of Avila 1515–1582	Mystic Nun who reformed the Carmelite order, and wrote books on prayer. Doctor of the Church.
Francis Xavier 1506–1552	Jesuit Missionary to India. Said to have converted thousands to Christianity.
Ignatius of Loyola 1491–1556	Founder of the Jesuits order, dedicated to the Pope. Important counter-reformation figure.
Bartholomew de Casas 1484–1566	Early settler in New Spain who became a Friar, and advocated on better treatment of natives. Wrote ' Account of the Destruction of the Indies'. Later became bishop of Chiapas.
John of God 1495–1550	Dedicated his life to helping the Poor. Founded order of Hospitallers, which cared for the sick.
Juan Polanco 1517–1576	Spanish Jesuit of Jewish descent who served as secretary and advisor of Ignatius Loyola and later superior Generals. Wrote the early history of the Jesuits.
Diego Laynez 1512–1565	Spanish Jesuit of Jewish descent, served as papal theologian and secretary during the Council of Trent. Second Superior General of the Jesuits.
Artists and Authors
Murillo 1617–1682	Spanish artist who painted during the reign of the Spanish Habsburgs. Best known for his religious works.
Cervantes 1547–1616	Author of the classic Don Quixote, the most famous novel in the Spanish Language.
Mexican Conquistadors
Hernando Cortez 1485–1540	Conquistador who landed in Mexico with a small army, and allied with local tribes, conquered the Empire of the Aztecs.
Diego Velasquez 1465–1524	Conquered Cuba for Spain, and was its first governor. First a supporter, then a rival of Cortez.
Panfilo de Narvaez 1478–1528	Spanish explorer who opposed Cortez, and later led a disastrous expedition to Florida of whom only 4 of 600 survived.
Ponce de Leon 1460–1521	First Spanish governor of Puerto Rico. Explored inland regions of Florida while searching for the fountain of youth.
Hernando De Soto 1496–1542	Adventurer who aided in conquest of Peru, then explored Southwestern United States. Discovered Mississippi river.
Tuscaloosa d. 1540	Choctaw chieftain who resisted de Soto at the Battle of Mauvila during his expedition through the southwest.
Francisco de Coronado 1510–1554	Spanish explorer who was a governor in Mexico, and explored regions of the Southwest United States.
Pedro Menendez 1519–1574	Spanish explorer who founded St. Augustine and was the first Spanish governor of Florida.
Peru Conquistadors
Francisco Pizarro 1478–1541	With only 160 men, conquered six thousand Inca and took control of Peru.
Gonzalo Pizarro 1502–1548	Brother of Francisco Pizarro; led an expedition from Quito across the Andes and discovered the Amazon.
Cabeza de Vaca 1490–1557	Explorer who survived the ill-fated Narvaez expedition and captivity by Indians, then wrote of his adventures.

Character/Date	Short Biography
18th Century
Philip V 1683–1746	Grandson of Louis XIV who was recognized as the first Bourbon King of Spain after the War of the Spanish Succession.
Giulio Alberoni 1665–1752	Spanish statesman active during the late reign of Louis XIV and the War of the Spanish Succession.
Elizabeth Farnese 1692–1766	Queen of Philip V who, with Cardinal Alberoni, ruled the Spanish court in the early 18th century.
Charles III d. 1789	Enlightened' King of Spain who tried to modernize Spain. Attempted financial reforms and suppressed the Jesuit order.
Ferdinand VI 1713–1749	Bourbon king of Spain who supported the reforms of his chief minister Ensenada.
Marquis of Ensenada 1702–1781	Spanish secretary of State under Ferdinand VI. Promoted peace, internal reform, and public works.
Napoleonic Era
Maria Louisa 1751–1819	Notorious bourbon Queen of Charles IV, who promoted her incompetent favorite Godoy to prime minister.
Ferdinand VII 1784–1833	Bourbon king, restored to the throne of France after the Napoleonic Wars, refused to work with liberal constitution.
Emanuel Godoy 1767–1851	Decadent minister, favorite of Spanish queen. Blamed for fall of the Bourbon monarchy by acquiescing to Napoleon.
Jose de Palafox 1776–1847	Spanish noble from Aragon who courageously defended Saragossa from a French siege during Napoleonic Wars.
Agustina de Aragon 1786–1857	Heroine of the siege of Saragossa. Behaved heroically under fire. Later joined Wellington's troops as an officer.
19th century
Tomas Zumalacarregui 1788–1835	Courageous and loyal Basque general who commanded the traditionalist troops during the First Carlist War.
Don Carlos 1788–1855	Brother of Ferdinand VII and rival claimant to the Spanish throne who initiated the Carlist Wars.
Maria Christina 1806–1878	Queen regent of Spain who championed the cause of her daughter Isabella II against the Carlists.
Isabella II 1830–1904	19th century queen of Spain who lived a life of scandal and dissipation and was eventually deposed.
Espartero 1793–1879	Liberal, anti-clerical General who opposed the Carlists, and briefly ruled as regent of Spain before being exiled.
Alfonso XII 1857–1885	Son of Isabell II to took the throne after a coup d'etat overthrew the First Republic. Died suddenly shortly thereafter.
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Character/Date	Short Biography
Conquest of Mexico
Montezuma 1466–1520	Ruler of the Aztec empire at the time of the Spanish conquest. Captured by the Spanish and killed during revolt.
Dona Marina 1496–1529	Indian slave woman who acted as consort, advisor, and translator for Cortez during his conquest of Mexico.
Hernando Cortez 1485–1540	Conquistador who landed in Mexico with a small army, and allied with local tribes, conquered the Empire of the Aztecs.
Diego Velasquez 1465–1524	Conquered Cuba for Spain, and was its first governor. First a supporter, then a rival of Cortez.
Panfilo de Narvaez 1478–1528	Spanish explorer who opposed Cortez, and later led a disastrous expedition to Florida of whom only 4 of 600 survived.
Bernal Diaz 1496–1584	Spanish soldier who served under Cortez and wrote 'True History of the Conquest of New Spain', an eye-witness account of the episode.
Viceroyality
Nuno de Guzman 1490–1558	Spanish governor of New Spain who tried to limit Cortez's power by enslaving his native allies. Brought down by Churchmen who opposed his violent outrages.
Vasco de Quiroga 1478–1565	Canon lawyer, lead 2nd Audiencia to Mexico that deposed Nuno Guzman from power. Tried to protect the Indians and replace the Encomienda system. Later served as Bishop of Michoacan for 30 years.
Antonio de Mendoza 1495–1552	First Viceroy of New Spain, competent and kind to natives. Laid the groundwork for Spanish dominion over Mexico.
Nunez Vela 1490–1546	First Viceroy of Peru. Murdered during rebellion resulting from his enforment of Charles V's "New Laws of 1542" to outlaw Indian slavery and bring encomienda under control.
Pedrarias Davila 1440–1531	First Governor of the Spanish colony of Darien in Peru. Murderous and unscrupulous rival of Balboa.
Pedro Contreras 1528–1591	Served as Archbishop and Viceroy of Mexico. Later headed the 'Council of the Indies'. Committed to education of the Indians, removed abusive officials, forbid enslavement of natives and founded schools.
Conversion of Natives
Pedro Gante 1480–1570	Franciscan missionary to Mexico and relative of Charles V. Wrote a catechism in Aztec language. Opened first schools for natives in the Americas.
Toribio Motolinia 1482–1568	Franciscan missionary to Central America and the Nahua peoples. Baptised thousands. Wrote a history detailing early encounters of the Amerindian peoples with the Spaniards.
Bartholomew de Casas 1484–1566	Early settler in New Spain who became a Friar, and advocated on better treatment of natives. Wrote ' Account of the Destruction of the Indies'. Later became bishop of Chiapas.
Bernardino de Sahagun 1499–1590	Franciscan missionary to Mexico. Studied Aztec history and language. Ran a school for Nahuati (Aztec) scholars and curated the Florentine Codex, the definitive, illustrated, Aztec history.
Andres de Olmos 1485–1571	Franciscan missionary who wrote the first grammar and dictionary describing the Nahuatl, the native language of the Aztecs.
Junipero Serra 1713–1784	Franciscan Friar who founded over a dozen missions along the coast of California.
North America Conquistadors
Hernando De Soto 1496–1542	Adventurer who aided in conquest of Peru, then explored Southwestern United States. Discovered Mississippi river.
Tuscaloosa d. 1540	Choctaw chieftain who resisted de Soto at the Battle of Mauvila during his expedition through the southwest.
Francisco de Coronado 1510–1554	Spanish explorer who was a governor in Mexico, and explored regions of the Southwest United States.
Pedro Menendez 1519–1574	Spanish explorer who founded St. Augustine and was the first Spanish governor of Florida.
Mexican Independence
Miguel Hidalgo 1753–1811	Freemason Priest who was a leader of Mexico's war of independence. Famous for !Grito de dolores!
Agustin Iturbide 1783–1824	Spanish General who changed sides and supported Mexican independence. Later made himself emperor.
Jose Maria Morelos 1765-1815	Revolutionary Priest, led independence movement after the death of Hidalgo, Caught and executed for treason!

Ignacio Comonfort Miguel Lerdo Andres Quintana Roo

Character/Date	Short Biography
Mexican Independence
Miguel Hidalgo 1753–1811	Freemason Priest who was a leader of Mexico's war of independence. Famous for !Grito de dolores!
Agustin Iturbide 1783–1824	Spanish General who changed sides and supported Mexican independence. Later made himself emperor.
Jose Maria Morelos 1765-1815	Revolutionary Priest, led independence movement after the death of Hidalgo, Caught and executed for treason!
Early Republic
Santa Anna 1794–1876	Fought for Mexican independence and against Texas, then served as president on and off, over twenty turbulent years.
Valentin Farias 1781-1858	Liberal anti-Clerical President in alliance with Santa Anna during the early years of the Mexican republic who imposed many "reforms" targeting the Church.
Vincente Guerrero 1782-1831	Leader of Revolutionary liberals. Worked with Iturbide for Mexican independence, then rebelled against him. Seized office of President after political rival was elected.
Lucas Alaman 1792–1853	Conservative Mexican statesman and historian who was influential during the early years of Mexican Independence.
Reform Era
Juan Alvarez 1790-1867	Regional warlord in alliance with Juarez. Entered Mexico city in 1855 with militia, terrorized the population, made himself president, and appointed his successor.
Benito Juarez 1806–1872	Leader of Mexico during the War of Reform. Passed, enforced anti-clerical laws. Supported informally by United States.
Maximilian of Austria 1832–1867	Archduke who was proclaimed Emperor of Mexico. Overthrown and executed by Liberal republicans.
Porfirio Diaz 1830–1915	President of Mexico for 35 years. Brought stability, modernization, and foreign capital, but ruled as a dictator.
Mexican revolution
Francisco Madero 1873–1913	Wealthy, liberal reformer who opposed the dictatorship of Diaz. Elected president but assassinated in office.
Emiliano Zapata 1879–1919	Leader of a Rebel band of southern outlaws during Mexican Revolution. Opposed both Huerta and Carranza.
Venustiano Carranza 1859–1920	Constitutionalist leader of Mexican revolution. Served as president after overthrew Huerta until his assassination in 1920.
Victoriana Huerta 1859–1920	Diaz supporter who overthrew President Madero and assumed dictatorial power during Mexican Revolution.
Pancho Villa 1878–1923	Rebel leader of the constitutionalist army in northern Mexico. Governor of Chihuahua. Broke with Carranza.
Plutarco Calles 1877-1945	Violently anti-Catholic President of Mexico who enforced harsh suppression of the Church in Mexico and incited the Cristero War.

Character/Date	Short Biography
Conquest of Incas
Atahualpa 1502–1533	Last monarch of the Incan Empire. Captured by Pizarro at Caxamalca and eventually killed.
Francisco Pizarro 1478–1541	With only 160 men, conquered six thousand Inca and took control of Peru.
Lautaro ~ 1541	Military leader of the Araucanian tribe of Chile, who maintained their independence from Spain.
Manco Inca 1516–1544	Puppet Inca ruler who was crowned by the Spaniards, but rebelled against them and laid siege to Cuzco.
Venezuela, Columbia, Bolivia, Equador
Miranda 1750–1816	Early leader of South American Independence. Led a failed revolution in Venezuela in 1813. Died in prison.
Simon Bolivar 1783–1830	Crossed Andes to attack Spanish outposts in Columbia, then met San Martin in Peru.
Antonio Jose de Sucre 1795–1830	South American patriot. Friend and trusted general of Simon Bolivar. Hero of the Battles of Pinchincha and Junin.
Jose Antonio Paez 1790–1873	A cavalry leader during War of Independence who rose from humble origins to be President (really dictator) of Venezuela.
Gabrial Garcia Moreno 1821–1875	Catholic president of Ecuador who resisted the secular forces in his country, made many reforms, and was assassinated by Freemasons.
Argentina, Chile, Paraguay, Uraguay
Pedro de Valdivia 1500–1554	Conquistador who attempted to conquer Chile, but was killed by the native tribes. Founded Santiago.
Bernardo O'Higgins 1778–1842	Military commander who together with San Martin freed Chile from Spanish rule. First 'Supreme Director' of Chile.
Jose de San Martin 1778–1850	Won independence from Spain for Argentina, then crossed the Andes and helped free Chili.
Jose Francia 1766–1840	Ruled Paraguay as a dictator after its independence, and cut off most contact with outside influences.
Tupac Amaru d. 1572	Son of Manco Inca, rebelled against Spain. Led the last independent tribe of Incas at their refuge in Vilcabamba.
Francisco Lopez 1827–1870	Dictator who provoked a war against Brazil, Argentina, and Uruguay that devastated and depopulated Paraguay.
Juan Manuel de Rosas 1793–1877	Gaucho hero who brought law and order to Argentina after 20 years of chaos. Ruled as a dictator for 25 year, then sent into exile.
Jose Miguel Carrera 1785–1821	Leader of a republican faction in Chile during the Wars of Independence and rival of Bernardo O'Higgins.
Brazil
Dom Pedro I 1798–1834	Portuguese prince who became the first Emperor of Brazil but struggled with competing political factions.
Dom Pedro II 1825–1891	Emperor of Brazil who tried to modernize while maintaining a constitutional monarchy. Forcibly exiled after Republican coup in 1889.
Cuba and Caribbean
Don Miguel Tacon ~ 1834	Stern willed Governor of Cuba who tried to curtail smuggling in his realm.
Bartholemy Portuguez ~ 1666	Famous South American Pirate of the Caribbean during the mid-17th century.
Pierre la Grande ~ 1620	Famous French Pirate of the Caribbean during the mid-17th century.
Jose Marti 1853–1895	Leader of the Cuban independence movement in the years before the Spanish-American.
General Maceo 1848–1896	Led the Cuban forces against Spain during the Cuban Rebellion.
Cudjoe ~ 1739	Leader of a tribes of Jamaican of mixed native and African descent. Fought British in the First Maroon War.